Solution: b
● A nation having an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex B Party) can implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), as outlined in Article 12 of the Protocol. These projects can earn saleable certified emission reduction (CER) credits, which are one ton of CO2 equivalent and can be used to achieve Kyoto objectives.
● It’s the world’s first worldwide environmental investment and credit system, offering CERs, a standardized emission offset mechanism.
● A CDM project activity might include, for example, a solar-panel-powered rural electrification project or the construction of more energy-efficient boilers. India has 1,703 projects registered under the CDM, the second greatest number in the world.

Solution: b
● The COP is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention. All States that are Parties to the Convention are represented at the COP, at which they review the implementation of the Convention and any other legal instruments that the COP adopts and take decisions necessary to promote the effective implementation of the Convention, including institutional and administrative arrangements.
● A key task for the COP is to review the national communications and emission inventories submitted by Parties. Based on this information, the COP assesses the effects of the measures taken by Parties and the progress made in achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention.
● The COP meets every year, unless the Parties decide otherwise. The first COP meeting was held in Berlin, Germany in March, 1995.
● The COP meets in Bonn, the seat of the secretariat, unless a Party offers to host the session.
● Just as the COP Presidency rotates among the five recognized UN regions – that is, Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Others – there is a tendency for the venue of the COP to also shift among these groups.

Solution: c
● Both statements are correct.
● The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment formulated the SMILE scheme – “SMILE – Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise”.
● Two Central Sector Schemes namely Comprehensive Rehabilitation of persons engaged in the Act of begging and Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Welfare of Transgender Persons have been merged in a single scheme named SMILE.
● Focus areas: Rehabilitation, provision of medical facilities, counseling, basic documentation, education, skill development, economic linkages and so on.
● The scheme would be implemented with the support of State/UT Governments/Local Urban Bodies, Voluntary Organizations, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), institutions and others. Features:
● The scheme provides for the use of the existing shelter homes available with the State/UT Governments and Urban local bodies for rehabilitation of the persons engaged in the act of Begging.
● In case of the non-availability of existing shelter homes, new dedicated shelter homes are to be set up by the implementing agencies.

Solution: a
● The first statement is correct: The majority of residents (a weighted average of 66.93 percent) feel that the police are doing a good job and that they have great support. Despite being criticized for a lack of empathy, a loss of public trust, and mounting worries about the quality of policing, this is the case.
● The second statement is incorrect: The Indian Police Foundation has issued a survey (IPF).

Solution: c
● Both statements are correct. Swachh Survekshan is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in cities and towns across India. It was launched as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which aimed to make India clean and free of open defecation by 2nd October 2019.
● The first survey was undertaken in 2016.
● Conducted by: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) with Quality Council of India (QCI) as its implementation partner.
● Population above 1 lakh: Indore has been ranked the cleanest city in India for the fifth consecutive year.
● Surat and Vijayawada were ranked as the second and third-cleanest cities. Population Below 1 lakh: Vita, Lonavala and Saswad all from Maharashtra, bagged the first, second and third positions respectively.