Solution: d
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It aims to prevent ‘hazardous cleaning’ of sewers and septic tanks and promote their mechanized cleaning.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development has launched a weeklong awareness campaign on Safai Mitra Suraksha Challenge (SSC).
● The SSC, which is being held across the country, has a total of 246 cities participating. Participants will include state capitals, metropolitan municipal governments, and smart cities.
● Cities will be judged in three categories: those with a population of more than 10 lakhs, those with a population of 3-10 lakhs, and those with a population of less than 3 lakhs, with a total reward pool of Rs. 52 crore.
● It’s part of the government’s fight against manual scavenging.

Solution: d
How are district judges currently recruited?
● The appointment of district judges is dealt with in Articles 233 and 234 of the Indian Constitution, which places it in the hands of the states. Because High Courts have authority over the state’s subordinate judiciary, the selection procedure is overseen by State Public Service Commissions and the concerned High Court.
● All judges of the lower judiciary up to the rank of district judge are recruited through the Provincial Civil Services (Judicial) test, which is administered by panels of High Court judges following the exam. The judicial services exam is generally referred to as PCS(J).

Solution: c
Explanation
Both statements are correct.
● The mission is as follows: It is India’s first human ocean expedition, with the goal of sending men deep into the ocean in a submersible vehicle for deep-ocean exploration and rare material extraction.
● It will carry three people to a depth of 6000 metres in the sea in a manned submersible vehicle called MATSYA 6000 for deep underwater research.
Note: India finished the basic design for the MATSYA 6000 and began manufacturing the vehicle. By the second quarter of 2024, the deepwater manned submersible will be ready for testing. With this, India will join an exclusive club of countries that have such underwater vehicles for subsea tasks, including the United States, Russia, Japan, France, and China. It will aid in the exploration of non-living resources such as polymetallic manganese nodules, methane hydrates, and other non-living resources found at depths of 1000 to 5500 metres.

Solution: c
● The first statement is correct: He is affiliated with Advaita Vedanata and Maya Theory (NonDualism). The greater or genuine Self, according to this philosophy, is identical to Brahman, the Absolute Reality.
● Jnana yoga is the path of knowledge that leads to Moksha, or escape from the cycle of life, death, and reincarnation, according to Advaita Vedanta. In contrast to other Indian philosophies that emphasize videha mukti, or Moksha after death, this school argues that Moksha may be attained in this life (Jivanmukti).
● The second statement is correct: Shankaracharya’s devotees are called as Smartas.

Solution: b
● In Manipur’s Tamenglong district, Union Home Minister Amit Shah virtually placed the foundation stone for the ‘Rani Gaidinliu Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum.’
● Gaidinliu (26 January 1915 – 17 February 1993) was a Naga spiritual and political figure who led an uprising in India against British control. At the age of 13, she became involved with Haipou Jadonang, a freedom warrior and religious leader, and became his lieutenant in his social, religious, and political movement.
● Jadonang, a Rongmei, founded the ‘Heraka movement,’ which envisioned an autonomous Naga state based on ancient Naga religion (or Naga-Raja). The relationship between Rani Gandiliu and Jadonang prepared her to resist the British.
● She took over the leadership of the movement after Jadonang’s execution, which had gradually shifted from religious to political. Rani instigated a major uprising against the British and was finally imprisoned for the rest of her life. In 1947, she was freed after 14 years in prison.
● Jawaharlal Nehru dubbed her the “Daughter of the Hills” and bestowed the title “Rani” or queen on her in recognition of her contribution to the fight against the British.