Solution: b)
● A key indicator of an economy’s long-run debt sustainability is the differential between interest paid on government debt and the economy’s nominal growth rate.
● When the cost of raising debt is lower than the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, public debt comes with low fiscal costs. In such a situation, the debt-toGDP ratio of the economy declines as debts are rolled over

Solution: d
Bond yield is the rate of return an investor receives on a bond or other government securities.
The Reserve Bank of India’s monetary policy, particularly the direction of interest rates, the government’s budgetary situation and borrowing programme, global markets, the economy, and inflation are all key influences on the yield.

Solution: b
● While counter-cyclical fiscal policy is necessary to smooth out economic cycles, it becomes critical during an economic crisis.
● Relevance of Counter-cyclical Fiscal Policy: Indian Kings used to build palaces during famines and droughts to provide employment and improve the economic fortunes of the private sector.
● Economic theory, in effect, makes the same recommendation: in a recessionary year, Government must spend more than during expansionary times. Such counter-cyclical fiscal policy stabilizes the business cycle by being contractionary (reduce spending/increase taxes) in good times and expansionary (increase spending/reduce taxes) in bad times.
● On the other hand, a pro-cyclical fiscal policy is the one wherein fiscal policy reinforces the business cycle by being expansionary during good times and contractionary during recessions.

Solution: d
● To expedite the Covid -19 immunisation push, the Centre has started a massive vaccination campaign called ‘Har Ghar Dastak.’
● The month-long door-to-door immunisation campaign will be targeted at achieving complete vaccination in low-performing regions.

Solution: a
● Statement 1 is correct
● Statement 2 is incorrect: National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) under the Ministry of Cooperation.
● The initiative was started with a Rs 5000 crore investment budget. To accomplish the aim of “from collaboration to prosperity,” it will be executed by NCDC under the Ministry of Cooperation. NCDC will provide financial assistance to qualified cooperatives for milk procurement, bovine growth, quality assurance, branding, packing, transportation, storage, and export of milk and milk products.