DAILY MAINS NEWSLETTER FOR UPSC | 14 APR 2021 | RaghukulCS

Daily Mains Newsletter For UPSC
| RaghukulCS

14 APRIL 2021

Index

Mains Value Addition

Mains Analysis

Topic No

Topic Name

Source

1

BIMSTEC needs to reinvent itself

The Hindu

2

The Wellness Workforce

Indian Express

Mains Value Addition

The Ambedkar we don’t know

Syllabus–GS1: Important Personalities

Analysis: –

  • Ambedkar was a pioneer as an institution builder.
  • From his guidelines laid out in ‘The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin & Its Solution’, Hilton Young Recommended establishing RBI.
  • As a labour member in Viceroy’s Executive Council (1942-46), he evolved numerous policies in the water, power labour welfare sectors.
  • His farsightedness helped in establishing the Central Water Commission, Central Technical Power Board & Integrated water resources management.
  • The Inter-State Water Dispute Act,1956 & the River Board Act 1956 emanates from his vision.
  • Ambedkar was the voice of the Depressed Classes on every platform.
  • In Round Table Conference, he championed the cause of labour & improving the peasant’s conditions.
  • In 1937, he introduced a Bill to abolish the Khoti system of land tenure in Konkan.
  • In 1938, His historic Bombay Council Hall peasant march made him popular among peasants & workers.
  • He was the first in the country to introduce a Bill for abolishing serfdom in agriculture.
  • He proposed industrialisation as the answer to India’s agricultural problem.

Tribal body flags concerns over Nagaland’s version of NRC

Syllabus– GS 1: Society: communalism, regionalism and Secularism

Analysis: –

  • As Nagaland began an exercise on Wednesday to identify the state’s “indigenous” people, the state’s apex tribal body, Naga Hoho, warned that the process could have far-reaching consequences to the extent of dividing the Nagas.
  • The deadline to complete the exercise, called Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN), is September 10.
  • The Naga Hoho said the Neiphiu Rio government should have debated the issue before taking a call on it.
  • “The government may have a good intention behind the exercise but it shouldn’t have gone so hurriedly. This should have been debated thoroughly at an appropriate platform.
  • As that wasn’t done, I fear the process may divide the Nagas and have serious ramifications,” Naga Hoho president Chuba Ozukum told this newspaper.

Last rhinos translocated in Assam under Vision 2020 to increase population

Syllabus– GS 3: Environment: Conservation

Analysis: –

  • At least 22 one-horned rhinos have been translocated within Assam since 2008 under the Indian Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020 program but the exercise could have slightly missed its target to increase rhino population to 3,000 in the state’s seven protected …
  • Orang National Park, another habitat of the rhinos in Assam was found to have 101 rhinos in 2018. IRV 2020 was designed by Rhino Task Force 2005 with a target to achieve rhino population to 3,000 in seven protected areas in Assam.

NITI Aayog Launches‘Poshan Gyan’, a Digital Repository on Nutrition Information

Syllabus– GS 3: Environment: Conservation

Analysis: –

  • NITI Aayog, in partnership with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University, today launched Poshan Gyan, a national digital repository on health and nutrition.
  • The launch event was addressed by NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Dr Rajiv Kumar, CEO MrAmitabh Kant, Secretary (WCD) Mr Ram Mohan Mishra and Additional Secretary Dr Rakesh Sarwal.
  • While launching the website, Dr Rajiv Kumar, Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog, said the creation of Poshan Gyan was a landmark moment. “Real change can be brought about only through changing behaviours on the ground. High malnutrition persists despite India being a food-surplus nation, which points towards a clear need for behavioural change.
  • With this context in mind, Poshan Gyan is an extremely important initiative, and can help make nutrition a Jan Andolan, as envisioned by our Hon’ble Prime Minister,” he said.

Mains Analysis

BIMSTEC needs to reinvent itself

Why in News: –

The foreign ministers of BIMSTEC (the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) met virtually on April 1 for their 17th meeting.

Syllabus: -GS 2: International Relation

  • They advanced the agenda, which had been arrested by the pandemic, since the last ministerial meeting held in August 2018.
  • Their major task was to pave the way for the next summit, the grouping’s fifth, due to be held in Sri Lanka in the “next few months”.
  • While most multilateral groupings from G20 to ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) held their deliberations at the highest political level in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, BIMSTEC leaders failed to do so.
  • In contrast to a meeting of even SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) leaders held at India’s initiative a year ago, BIMSTEC could not arrange its ministerial meeting until April 2021.

Unfolding rejuvenation

  • Established as a grouping of four nations — India, Thailand, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka — through the Bangkok Declaration of 1997 to promote rapid economic development, BIMSTEC was expanded later to include three more countries — Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan.
  • It moved at a leisurely pace during its first 20 years with only three summits held and a record of modest achievements.
  • But it suddenly received special attention as New Delhi chose to treat it as a more practical instrument for regional cooperation over a faltering SAARC.
  • The BIMSTEC Leaders’ Retreat, followed by their Outreach Summit with the BRICS leaders in Goa in October 2016, drew considerable international limelight to the low-profile regional grouping.
  • The fourth leaders’ summit, held in Kathmandu in August 2018, devised an ambitious plan for institutional reform and renewal that would encompass economic and security cooperation.
  • It took the important decision to craft a charter to provide BIMSTEC with a more formal and stronger foundation.
  • The shared goal now is to head towards “a Peaceful, Prosperous and Sustainable Bay of Bengal Region”.
  • At the second swearing-in of the Modi government in May 2019, the leaders of BIMSTEC, not SAARC, were invited as honored guests.
  • Soon thereafter, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar observed that India saw a mix of “energy, mindset and possibility” in BIMSTEC.

Recent decisions

  • The foreign ministers cleared the draft for the BIMSTEC charter, recommending its early adoption.

  • They endorsed the rationalization of sectors and sub-sectors of activity, with each member-state serving as a lead for the assigned areas of special interest.
  • The ministers also conveyed their support for the Master Plan for Transport Connectivity, which will be adopted at the next summit.
  • Preparations have been completed for the signing of three agreements relating to
  • Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters,
  • Cooperation between diplomatic academies, and
  • The establishment of a technology transfer facility in Colombo.
  • What has been missing from recent deliberations is a reference to the lack of progress on the trade and economic dossier.
  • A January 2018 study by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry had suggested that BIMSTEC urgently needed a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement to be a real game changer.

Challenges: –

  • Ideally it should cover trade in goods, services and investment; promote regulatory harmonization; adopt policies that develop regional value chains; and eliminate non-tariff barriers.
  • Also lacking was an effort to enthuse and engage the vibrant business communities of these seven countries, and expand their dialogue, interactions and transactions.
  • On this score, BIMSTEC remains a work in progress. Over 20 rounds of negotiations to operationalise the BIMSTEC Free Trade Area Framework Agreement, signed in 2004, are yet to bear fruit.
  • In contrast, much has been achieved in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief and security, including counterterrorism, cyber security, and coastal security cooperation.
  • India has led through constant focus and follow-up — to the extent that some member-states have complained about the ‘over-securitization’ of BIMSTEC.
  • Similarly, while national business chambers are yet to be optimally engaged with the BIMSTEC project, the academic and strategic community has shown ample enthusiasm through the BIMSTEC Network of Policy Think Tanks and other forum.

Concerns: –

  • The goal now should be to overcome the obstacles leading to BIMSTEC’s success.
  • First, a strong BIMSTEC presupposes cordial and tension-free bilateral relations among all its member-states.
  • Second, uncertainties over SAARC hovers, complicating matters.
  • Both Kathmandu and Colombo want the SAARC summit revived, even as they cooperate within BIMSTEC, with diluted zeal.
  • Third, China’s decisive intrusion in the South-Southeast Asian space has cast dark shadows.
  • Finally, the military coup in Myanmar, brutal crackdown of protesters and continuation of popular resistance resulting in a protracted impasse has produced a new set of challenges.

Way Forward: –

  • As BIMSTEC readies itself to celebrate the silver jubilee of its formation next year, it faces a serious challenge:
  • To effect “a paradigm-shift in raising the level of our cooperation and regional integration”, as Mr. Jaishankar said on April 1.
  • The grouping needs to reinvent itself, possibly even rename itself as ‘The Bay of Bengal Community’.
  • It should consider holding regular annual summits.
  • Only then will its leaders convince the region about their strong commitment to the new vision they have for this unique platform linking South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Question: –

Critically evaluate the significance of the BIMSTEC for India in changing global multilateral situations.

The Wellness Workforce

Why in News: –

Recently, the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Bill, 2020 was passed unanimously by the Parliament

Syllabus: – GS2: Issues related to Health Sector.

  • The National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Bill, 2020 was introduced in Rajya Sabha by the Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, on September 15, 2020.
  • The Bill seeks to regulate and standardise the education and practice of allied and healthcare professionals.
  • The Bill provides for regulation and maintenance of standards of education and services by allied and healthcare professionals, assessment of institutions, maintenance of a central and a state register and creation of a system to improve research and development and adoption of latest scientific advancement.
  • The allied and healthcare professions include a wide range of workers for diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and chronic diseases.
  • These professions also work to optimise patient outcomes and attend to overall prevention, promotion, wellness and management of diseases.
  • As per the statement of objects and the reasons of the Bill, the advancement in the health sector, changing preferences of consumers and service providers, had warranted creation of a fresh vision of healthcare delivery with a patient-centric approach and focus on moving to a multi-disciplinary team-based care.

Significance of the NCAHP bill:

  • It provides for regulation & maintenance of standards of education & services by allied and healthcare professionals.
  • It maintains a central register of allied & healthcare professionals.
  • It recognizes over 50 professions such as optometrists, physiotherapists, etc which had lacked a comprehensive regulatory mechanism until now.
  • It classifies allied professionals on the basis of International System of Classification of Occupations (ISCO code).
  • which provides global mobility & enables better opportunities and benefits for around 8-9 lakh allied & healthcare professionals.
  • It aims to establish a central statutory body as a National Commission for Allied & Healthcare Professions which is supported by 10 Professional councils.
  • Its function is to frame policies & standards, regulate professional conduct, prescribe qualifications, create & maintain a central register.
  • It also has a provision for state councils to execute major functions through autonomous boards.

Why Paradigm shift?

  • For decades Being Healthy was largely understood as not being sick or getting treatment for sick.
  • This led to overemphasizing Curative healthcare while neglecting preventive & promotive aspects of healthcare.
  • But since 2017 there has been a paradigm shift in perception, policy, and programmatic interventions in healthcare delivery in India.
  • Ayushman Bharat with its two Pillars operationalized critical recommendations of National Health Policy 2017.
  • PMJAY protected the neediest from the catastrophic expenditure.
  • With Health & Wellness Centers India took the first step towards delivering comprehensive primary healthcare that addresses major causes of morbidity & mortality.
  • The stress of modern lifestyle, rapid urbanization, rising chronic non-communicable disease burden has necessitated a change in delivering healthcare.
  • Caring for patients with mental condition & the increasing elderly population requires a trained, allied health workforce.

Some features of the Bill:

  • It defines an ‘Allied Health Professional’ as an associate, technician, or technologist trained to support the diagnosis and treatment of any illness, disease, injury, or impairment.
  • A ‘healthcare professional’ includes a scientist, therapist, or any other professional who studies, advises, researches supervise or provides preventive, curative, rehabilitative, therapeutic, or promotional health services.
  • The Bill sets up the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Profession with major functions such as
  • Creating and maintaining an online Central Register of all registered professionals.
  • Providing basic standards of education & qualifications.
  • The Commission will constitute a Professional Council for every recognised category of allied and healthcare professions.
  • Within six months from the passage of the Bill, state governments will constitute State Allied and Healthcare Councils, that function as an implementing agency in the respective State.
  • No person is allowed to practice as a qualified allied and healthcare practitioner other than those enrolled in a State Register or the National Register.
  • Any person who contravenes this provision will be punished with a fine of Rs. 50,000.

Way Forward: –

  • Global evidence points out the vital role of allied professionals in the delivery of healthcare services.
  • By acknowledging these professionals, who are the first to recognize the problems of patients and who serve as safety nets, the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Bill, 2020, has the potential to overhaul the entire allied health workforce. NCAHP is not only timely but critical to the changing paradigm.

Question: –

Explain the merits and demerits of the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Bill, 2020
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