Daily Prelims Newsletter(UPSC)|01 May 2021 | RaghukulCS

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Daily Prelims Newsletter(UPSC)|01 May 2021 | RaghukulCS

Daily Prelims Newsletter For UPSC
| RaghukulCS

01 May 2021

Table Of Contents

Environment
  • Net Zero Producers’ Forum
  • MACS 1407 
Science and Technology 
  • Python-5 air-to-air missile 
  • Herd Immunity 
Art and Culture 
  • Vikramōrvaśīyam by Kalidasa 
Places in News 
  • Saudi Arabia 

Environment

Net Zero Producers’ Forum

Why in News?

Qatar, USA, Saudi Arabia, Canada and Norway have come together to form a cooperative forum to develop pragmatic net zero emission strategies.

About Net Zero Producers’ Forum:

  • These countries are collectively responsible for about 40% of the global oil and gas production.
  • Roles and functions of the Net Zero Producers’ Forum:
  • The Net Zero Producers’ Forum will explore strategies and technologies like:
    • methane abatement,
    • advancing the circular carbon economy approach,
    • development and deployment of clean energy,
    • carbon capture and storage technologies,
    • diversification from reliance on hydrocarbon revenues, etc.

About is net-zero:

  • Net-zero refers to carbon-neutrality.
  • It does not mean that the said country would bring down its emissions to zero.
  • Rather, net-zero is the state in which the country’s emissions released are compensated by absorption and removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
  • The absorption of these emissions can be achieved by enhancing carbon sinks like forests.
  • Removal of gases from atmosphere relies on futuristic technologies such as carbon capture and storage.

MACS 1407

Why in News?

Recently,a high-yielding and pest-resistant variety of soybean, called MACS 1407 was developed.

About MACS 1407:

  • It isalso suitable for rain-fed conditions of north-east India.
  • It is suitable for cultivation in Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and North-Eastern states.
  • This variety is resistant to insect-pests such as girdle beetle, leaf miner, leaf roller, stem fly, aphids, white fly and defoliators, etc.

Related Information:

Major Indian Croppoing Seasons:

  1. Kharif Season
  • Sown from June to July
  • Harvestedin September-October.
  • Important Crops: Rice,urad, cotton, maize, jowar, bajra, tur, moong, jute, groundnut, soyabean etc.
  • States mostly practiced in: Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha,Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra.
  1. Rabi Season
  • Sown from October to December
  • Harvested in between April-June.
  • Important Crops: Wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard etc.
  • States mostly practiced in: Punjab, Haryana,Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.
  1. Zaid Season
  • In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short period during the summer months known as the Zaid season.
  • Important Crops: watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.

Science and Technology

Python-5 air-to-air missile

Why in News?

Recently, India’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas has demonstrated the added capability of firing Israeli-origin Python-5 air-to-air missile (AAM).

About Python-5 Air-to-Air Missile:

  • Developed by the Israel based defence company: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
  • It is thefifth-generation air-to-airmissile.
  • It provides the pilot to engage with an enemy aircraft with a revolutionary full sphere launch capability.
  • It is designed to be launched from very short to beyond-visual ranges with great kill probability, high resistance to countermeasures, andcan perform irrespective of evasive target manoeuvres.
  • It can be put to dual use:
    • Air-to-air missions, and
    • Surface-to-air missions.
  • It is powered by a solid rocket propellant
  • It can attain a speed of Mach 4 and has an operational range of more than 20 km.

About Light Combat Aircraft Tejas:

  • It is a single engine, light weight, highly agile, multi-role supersonic, indigenously developed fighter.
  • It has been manufactured at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency for use by Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.

  • It is designed to carry a range of air-to-air, air-to-surface, precision-guided, weapons.

Herd Immunity

Why in News?

The sero-survey of many cities indicate high levels of immunities gained by people, still these cities are witnessing high increase in number of cases. This is calling in question the concept of herd immunity.

About Herd Immunity:

  • Community immunity or herd Immunity occurs when a large number of people are vaccinated or have developed immunity against a disease, lowering the chances of others being infected by it.
  • When a sufficient percentage of population is vaccinated, it slows the spread of disease.
  • The decline of disease incidence is greater than the proportion of individuals immunized either by vaccines or recovering from virus.
  • It happens because vaccination reduces the spread of an infectious agent by reducing the amount and/or duration of pathogen shedding by vaccines, retarding transmission.
  • This approach requires infected people to build natural immunity and stop the human-to-human transmission. Thus, the disease spread will be subsequently halted.

    Art and Culture

    Vikramōrvaśīyamby Kalidasa

    Why in News?

    There was staging of this play online.

    About Vikramōrvaśīyam:

    • It is a Sanskrit play by the ancient Indian poet Kālidāsa.
    • Lead Characters: Acelestial nymph, Urvasiand King Pururava
    • Based on the story mentioned in Rig Veda and Mahabharata.

    About Kalidasa:

    • Kalidasa was a Classical Sanskritpoet, widely celebrated as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language of India.
    • Much about his life is unknown, only what can be inferred is from his poetry and plays.
    • His plays and poetry are mostlybased on the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas.
    • He was most likely in time-period of 4th–5th century AD, in court in of Chandragupta II (Vikramāditya), the ruler of Ujjain.
    • The earliest paleographical evidence of Kalidasa is found in a Sanskrit inscription dated c. 473 CE, found at Mandsaur’s Sun temple, MP.
    • He along with poet Bharaviis mentioned in Aihole stone inscription (Karnataka)

    Other works of Kalidasa:

    • Malavikagnimitram– story of Malvika and King Agnimitra Shunga.
    • Raghuvamsa– poem about the kings of Raghu dynasty (of which Lord Rama is also a king).
    • Kumarasambhava- describes marriage ofGoddess Parvati with Lord Shiva, along with birth of their son Kumar (Lord Kartikeya).
    • Ritusamhara-describes the six seasons by narrating the experiences of two lovers in each of the seasons.

    Meghaduta(The Cloud Messenger)- describes the story of a Yaksha trying to send a message to his lover through a cloud.

    Places in News

    Saudi Arabia

    Why in News?

    The prince of Saudi Arabia stated that discussions are underway to sell 1% stake of Saudi Aramco to foreign firm.

    Related Information:

    • Saudi Arabiais a country in West Asia constituting the vast majority of the Arabian Peninsula.
    • Saudi Arabia is the only country with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast
    • It is currently India’slargest supplier of crude oil.
    • Neighbouring Countries:
      • Jordan and Iraq to the north,
      • Kuwait to the northeast,
      • Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east,
      • Oman to the southeast and

        Yemen to the south;
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