Daily Prelims Newsletter(UPSC)|05 April 2021 | RaghukulCS

Daily Prelims Newsletter For UPSC
| RaghukulCS

05 April 2021

Table Of Contents

Polity and Governance 
  • Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 
Society
  • National Policy for Rare Diseases, 2021
Governmental Initiatives 
  • PM KUSUM: 
International Relations 
  • Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
  • International Criminal Court (ICC)
News in Short 
  • Harmonized System (HS) of Nomenclature Code

Polity and Governance

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

Why in News?

Recently, in an anti-Maoist operation in Sukma, 22 Jawans have lost their lives many of which were from CRPF.

About CRPF:

  • It is one of the premier Central Armed Police Forces of India (under the Ministry of Home Affairs) for internal security.

Important Role played by CRPF in Indian History:

  • They played a significant role during the amalgamation of the princely States into the Indian Union.
  • It helped the GoI in disciplining the rebellious princely States like that of Junagarh and Kathiawar which had declined to join the Indian Union.

Related Information:

The other Central Armed Police Forces:

  • Assam Rifles :Responsible for guarding Indo-Myanmar border.
  • Border Security Force: Responsible for guarding India’s land borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
  • Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Provides security cover tospace establishments, nuclear installations, seaports, airports, power plants, sensitive Government buildings and even heritage monuments.
  • Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): A specialized mountain force and responsible for guarding Indo-China border.
  • National Security Guard: Acounter terrorism unit which was raised in 1984, following Operation Blue Star.
  • Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB): Earlier called asSpecial Service Bureau was raised in 1960s. Their objective is to achieve ‘Total security preparedness’ in the remote border areas.

Society

National Policy for Rare Diseases, 2021:

Why in News?

National Policy for Rare Diseases recently released by GoI, has caused dissatisfaction among caregivers and patients.

Key points about National Policy for Rare Diseases:

  • Patients of rare diseases would be eligible for a one-time treatment under the flagship programme Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY).
  • Beneficiaries for financial assistance:
    • Below poverty line (BPL) families,
    • About 40% of the population, are eligible as per PMJAY norms, for their treatment in Government tertiary hospitals only.
  • The policy has divided rare diseases in three groups –
    • disorders requiring one-time curative treatment;
    • DIsorders requiring long term or lifelong treatment; and
    • Diseases for which definitive treatment is available but challenges are to make optimal patient selection forbenefit.

Concerns Voiced against:

  • As per the policy the government support for treating patients with rare diseases is increased from ₹15 lakh to ₹20 lakh. However, this amount doesn’t reflect actual costs incurred during treatment.
  • Also, among the three specified groups there is no mention of support to people diagnosed with life-threatening rare and genetic disorders.

About rare disease

  • A rare disease is any disease affecting a small percentage of the population.
  • Most of the rare diseases are genetic, and are present throughout the person’s entire life, even if symptoms do not immediately appear.

Governmental Initiatives

PM KUSUM:

Why in News?

Recently, a farm-based solar power plant developed under PM-KUSUM scheme has come up in Jaipur, Rajasthan.

About PM-KUSUM:

  • PM KUSUM scheme aims to provide additional income to farmers, by aiding their capacity to generate power and sell it to the grid, through solar power projects set up on their barren lands.
  • Government’s Budget for 2020-21 expanded the scope for the scheme to include:
    • Assistance to install solar pumps;
    • Assistance to solarise their grid-connected pumpsets; and
    • Enable farmers to set up solar power generation capacity on their fallow/barren lands and also sell it to the grid.
  • The objectives of the scheme are:
    • Promote decentralised solar power production,
    • Reduce transmission losses,
    • Support the financial health of DISCOMS by reducing the burden of subsidy to this sector,
    • Help States meet their RPOs (renewable purchase obligation) targets;
    • Promote energy efficiency and water conservation;
    • Provide water security to farmers.
    • Fill the void in solar power production in the intermediate range between the small rooftops and large parks.

International Relations

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

Why in News?

There seems a possibility under Joe Biden’s leadership that U.S. and Iran would get onboard into the JCPOA accord to limit Iran’s nuclear programme.The move would be significant as nearly three years ago President Trump pulled the U.S. out of the deal.

About the Iran Nuclear Deal/ JCPOA:

  • JCPOA was signed between Iran and P5+1 Countries i.e., China, France, Germany, Russia, UK, USA.
  • European Union was also involved in the discussions which lead to signing of JCPOA.
  • It was signed in 2015.
  • Under the JCPOA deal, Iran agreed to cut its stores of centrifuges, enriched uranium and heavy-water, which are potential components for nuclear weapons.

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Why in News?

U.S. President Joe Biden has recently lifted the sanctions imposed by President Trump on two top officials of the International Criminal Court (ICC)

About ICC:

  • It is located in Hague, Netherlands.
  • It acts as the court of last resort for prosecution of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
  • It is the first permanent, treaty based, international criminal court.
  • It is governed bythe Rome Statutewhich entered into force on July 1, 2002.
  • Funding: Primarily funded by State Parties, it also receives voluntary contributions from governments, international organisations, individuals, corporations and other entities.

Note: India has not signed the Rome Statute, and hence, is not a member of ICC citing following reasons:

  • State sovereignty
  • National interests
  • Difficulty in collection of evidences.
  • Problem to find impartial prosecutors.
  • Crime definition under the act.

News in Short

Harmonized System (HS) of Nomenclature Code

  • It is a six-digit identification code.
  • It is developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO).
  • It is referred to as the universal economic language for goods.
  • It is an international product nomenclature comprising of about 5000 commodity groups.
  • The HS Codes are used by countries as a basis to impose customs tariffs, gather international trade statistics, make trade policies, and for monitor goods.
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