Daily Prelims Newsletter|29 Jun 2021|RaghukulCS|UPSC

Daily Prelims Newsletter For UPSC
| RaghukulCS

29 June 2021-Tuesday

Table Of Contents

Environment 

  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
  • Jal Jeevan Mission

History

  • Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Governmental Initiatives

  • Smart Cities Mission

International Relations

  • World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)

Environment

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Why in News?

The COVID-19 pandemic is a result of degradation of natural areas, species’ loss and exploitation, UNEP India stated.

About UNEP:

  • The UNEP is a global environmental authority established on 5th June 1972 after UN Conference on Human Environment.
  • Key Functions:
    • Sets the global environmental agenda,
    • promotes the sustainable development within the United Nations system,
    • serves as an advocate for global environment protection.
  • Key Reports published by UNEP:
    • Emission Gap Report,
    • Adaptation Gap Report,
    • Global Environment Outlook,
    • Invest in a Healthy Planet.
  • It is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya.

About United Nations Environment Assembly

  • UNEA is the governing body of the UNEP.
  • It is the world’s highestlevel decision-making body on the environment.
  • It meets bienniallye., once every two years
  • It was created after Rio+20 in June 2012, during the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.

Jal Jeevan Mission

Why in News?

JJM was in news recently.

About JJM:

  • It aims to supply of 55 litres of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024.
  • Under Ministry of Jal Shakti.
  • It is centrally sponsored scheme.
  • It looks to create a janandolan for water, to make it everyone’s priority.

Key Programmes to be undertaken:

  • Creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability measures like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, etc to be undertaken in convergence with other government programmes.
  • Prioritizing FHTCs in affected areas, like villages in drought prone and desert areas, Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) villages, etc.
  • Providing FHTCs to Schools, Anganwadi centres,Health centres, Gram Panchayat buildings, wellness centres and community buildings.
  • About Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban):Use of technological interventions to remove contaminants where water quality is an issue.
    • It was launched by the Budget 2021-22.
    • JJM (Urban) is under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
    • It aims to provide universal coverage of water supply to all households through functional taps in all statutory towns.
    • It will be a step towards Sustainable Development Goal- 6 i.e., clean water and sanitation.

    Key Objectives of JJM(Urban):

    • Securing tap and sewer connections.
    • Rejuvenation of existing water bodies.
    • Creating a circular water economy.

    History

    Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

    Why in News?

    Jayanti of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was celebrated on 27thJune.

    About:

    • He isamong the greatest novelists and poets of India.
    • He was born in 1838 in the village of Kanthapura,in present day West Bengal.
    • He is known as composer ofthe patriotic song VandeMataram in Sanskrit, which later became a source of inspiration to people during the freedom struggle.
    • He wasappointed as Deputy Collector in 1859, an remained in Government service for the next thirty-two years and retired in 1891.

    His Contributions to the Freedom Struggle:

    • His Novel Anandamath – set in the backdrop of Sanyasi Rebellion (1770-1820), when Bengal was gripped with a famine, made himatowering figure in the Bengali renaissance.
    • India got its national song, VandeMataram, from Anandamath itself.
    • He also founded a monthly magazine, Bangadarshan, in 1872, through which he tried influencing the emergence of a Bengali identity and nationalism.
    • The magazine stopped publication in the late 1880s, but was restarted in 1901 with Rabindranath Tagore as its chief editor.
    • The magazine carried Tagore’s writings – including his first novel Chokher Bali. However, the ‘new’ Bangadarshanalso retained its original philosophy, furthering the nationalistic spirit.
    • During the 1905 Partition of Bengal, the magazine played a vital role in giving a voice to the protest and dissent. Tagore’s Amar Sonar Bangla– presently, the national anthem of Bangladesh, was also first published in Bangadarshan.

    Governmental Initiatives

    Smart Cities Mission

    Why in News?

    Recently, ministry of housing and urban affairs (MoHUA)has released the list of India smart cities awards 2020.

    About Smart Cities Mission:

    • It is an innovative initiative under MoHUA, to drive economic growth and improve quality of life of people by enabling local development with harnessing technology to create smart outcomes for citizens.
    • Objective:
      • Promote cities which provide core infrastructure,
      • Give a decent quality of life to citizens,
      • A clean and sustainable environment,
      • Application of Smart Solutions.
    • It aims to develop areas step-by-step with the help of these three models:
      • Greenfield development.
    • It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme(CSS).

    International Relations

    World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)

    Why in News?

    Recently, the Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology was locked out of his Twitter account allegedly over a notice received for violation of the US’ Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 1998.

    DMCA is among the world’s first laws recognising Intellectual Property (IP) on the internet.

    The DMCA oversees the implementation of treaties signed by World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) member nations.

    About WIPO:

    • It is among thespecialised agencies of United Nations.
    • Created in 1967 it is tasked toencourage creative activity, and promote the protection of IP world-wide.
    • It presently administers 26 international treaties. Some of them are:
      • Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure.
      • Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
      • Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
      • Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks- Madrid Protocol.
      • Washington Treaty on IP in respect of Integrated Circuits.
      • Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol.
      • Marrakesh Treaty to facilitate Access to Published Works by Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities.
    • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
    • As of today, 193 nations across the world, including India, are the members of WIPO.

    Major Functions:

    • Policy forum to shape balanced international IP rules for a changing world.
    • Global services to protect IP across borders and to resolve disputes.
    • Technical infrastructure to connect IP systems and share knowledge.
    • Cooperation and capacity-building programs to enable all countries to use IP for economic, social and cultural development.
    • A world reference source for IP information.
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